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 This Page will give you a general overview of terms and words used in this database. The explanation after the slashes indicates the plural form. Where no explanation is given several possibilities exist and no attempt was made to list all.  At the end of this list you will find an explanation for potential pitfalls , synonyms, in the German language.

 Abbau -- a scattering of houses, houses which are not arranged  in a orderly fashion but all over the place -- wioska, siolo. Not to be confused with the mining term Abbau which is mining. Tagebau - Stripmining

Acker -- Field -- rola, pole

Adler -- Eagle -- orzel.

Adlig -- Noble -- szlachetny.

Allod -- germanische Recht, freies persönliches, nicht zum Lehen gehörendes Vermögens eines Lehnsbesitzer.

Allodial -- frei von Abgabepflichten-- free of any taxes.

Alt -- Old -- stary.

Amt/ Ämter -- Administration -- urzad.

Amtsbezirk/..e --  extent of jurisdiction, Administration District --.rejon urzedowy.

Anger --  Village green, meadow, pasture -- pastwisko, blonie.

Anwesen -- Property, real estate, acreage --posiadlosc, gospodarstwo.

Ansiedlung/..en -- Settlement -- osiedle.

Au/Aue/..n -- Waterlogged meadow  -- blonie.

Ausbauten -- Outbuildings -- Przbudowka.

Aussichtsturm -- Viewpoint, . observation tower -- wieza widokowa.

Auszügler -- A person who sold his/her land and lving in a Auszugshaus.

Bach/Bäche -- Creek -- potok.

Bad/ Bäder -- Spa/Bath -- Uzdrowisko.

Baude/..n -- Shelter, Mountain inn, Mountain Cabin -- schronisko. An expression only used in Schlesien/Silesia.

Beerdigungen -- Funerals -- Pochowki

Berg/..e -- Hill -- gora.

Beuthner/Beutner -- Harvester of honey from wild bees -- pszczelarz.

Beutnerdorf -- village which inhabitants lived primarily from the harvestin of wild honey before the domestication of bees. It was the only source of sugar/ sweets.

Bereiter, Beruter -- Reitlehrer, Riding Instructor.

Bereitknecht -- Niederer Forstbeamter -- low rank Parkwarden.

Bereitmeister, Förster-- Parkwarden.

Beritt - größeres Waldrevier, large section of forest.

Birke/..n -- Birch -- brzoza.

Bischöflich -- Episcopal -- biskupi.

Brachfeld --.Field in summerfallow --- ugor. May also meant it is not used, out of production.

Bruch/Brüche -- Bog, Marsh -- moczar, trzesawisko.

Brücke/..n -- Bridge -- most.

Buche/.. n -- Beech --buk.    Bude/.. n -- Booth -- buda, stragan.

Burg/.. en -- Fortified Castle, see also Schloss -- zamek .warowny, grod.

Busch/..Büsche -- Bush -- zarosla, krzaki.

Chaussee Geldhebestelle -- Tollbooth -- drogowa komora celna. See also Mautgeld.

Chatoul Bauer : Freier Bauer/Freier Landeigentümer -- Free Farmer, owned his own land. For additional information see: Settlements. Use babelfish translator. If things are not clear to you after translation send me the complete page and I will translate it for you into something which makes sense. Uwe

Chatoulldorf/...dörfer -- Free Villages -- For additional Information see: Settlements. See remark directly above

Denkmal -- Cenotaph -- zabytek, pomnik.

Diozese -- Diocese -- diecezja.

Dorf/Dörfer -- Village -- wies. 

Dorfstelle/..n --

Dorfteich --  Pond located in the middle of a village. a water supply source for fire fighting -- wiejski staw.

Dörfchen -- Hamlet -- wioska.

Domäne/..n --  Domain -- dominium, Government owned property.

Dreifelder Wirtschaft --Rotating crop --

Efeu -- Ivy -- bluszcz.

Eiche/..n -- Oak -- dab.

Einöde --desolet place, wilderness-- pustkowie, glusza.

Eintrag -- Entry -- Wpis.

Einträge -- Entries -- Wpisy.

Emphytevtisch --.tenancy law, leasing -- emfiteutyczyny.

Erle/..n -- Alder -- olcha.

Esche/..n -- Ash-tree -- jesion.

Espe/..n --    Aspen -- osika.

Evangelisch - Lutheran

Fähre........Ferry

Falke/..n -- Falcon -- sokol.

Fasanerie/..n -- Pheasant Preserve, Hatchery --.bazanciarnia.

Feld/..er -- Field -- pole.

Feuerstelle/..n -- Fireplace, old expression used for a house -- ognisko, (ognisko domowe).

Fichte/..n -- Spruce (Picea exelsa) --  swierk.

Finke/..n -- Finch --.zieba.

Fisch/..e -- Fish -- ryba.

Fischerdorf -- Fisherman's villages, a village in which the primary occupation was the catching of fish -- wies rybacka.

Flieder -- Lilac -- bez.

Fluss/Flüsse -- River -- rzeka.

Föhre/..n -- Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) -- sosna.

Forst/..e -- Forest -- las.

Freude/..n -- Happiness -- radosc.

Frieden -- Peace -- pokoj.

Gau -- district -- okreg, region.

Geburtsurkunden -- Birth Certificate -- Akta Urodzen

Gehöft/..e -- Austrian dialect for Farm, Farmstead -- gospodarstwo, zagroda.

Geistlich -- Clerical -- duchowny.

Gemeinde/..n -- Municipality/Community -- gmina.

Geräumte Hütung -- ogrodzone pastwisko.

Gestüt/..e -- Stud Farm -- stadnina koni.

Glashütte/...n -- Glasworks -- huta szkla.

Gratial Gut -- Look under detailed -- Dobra gracjalne.

Grenze/..n -- Border -- granica.

Groß - large, big -- duzy.

Grube, ..n -- mine, pit -- kopalnia.

Grund -- Grounds -- usually lower than surrounding terrain -- obnizenie terenu.

Gut/Güter -- Estate -- posiadlosc.

Habicht/..e -- Hawk -- jastrzab. 

Haff -- Lagoon, expression used only in the Baltics -- zalew.

Hain/..e -- Grove, sylven glade --gaj.

Hagen/Hag -- Kleiner Wald, Buschwerk, Dorngebüsch --.zagajnik.

Hase/..n -- Hare -- zajac.

Haselnuss/ .. nüsse -- Hazelnut -- orzech laskowy.

Hauland -- Siedlungsart, Dorfart Bewohnt meistens mit Holländern-- Villages in which residents of Dutch origin were living. .wies zalozona na prawie wyrebu.

Haus/Häuser -- House -- dom.

Häusergruppe -- Group of houses, normally along a street --.zabudowania.

Hegerei -- Game Preserve --rezerwat

Heide -- Heath -- wrzosowisko.

Heiraten -- Wedding, Marriage -- Sluby,

Heiratsurkunden -- Wedding Certificate -- Akta Malzenstw

Hinterhufengut -- Hirsch/..e -- Stag -- jelen.

Hochzeiten -- Marriages -- Sluby

Hof -- Farmyard, yard --dwor.

Hospital Gut- Revenue producing Gut/property to support the financing of a Hospital.

Holz/Hölzer -- Wood --drewno.

Horst/..e -- Eyrie/aerie -- kepa drzew, gniazdo ptakow

Hütte/..n -- Hut -- huta 

Huben -- See Hufen -- patrz

Hufendorf -- Village arranged in a straight line with strips of farmland extending behind each house.

Hüttner -- small farmer

Hütung -- Pasture for animals -- wypas

Hufen -- Hide (of land) -- wloka, lan

Kämpe/Kampe, eingezäuntes Stück Land -- fenced piece of property, used often in Danzig Niederung as land surrounded be a dyke -- ogrodzony kawalek ziemi,pastwisko

Kanal/Kanäle -- canal -- Kanal.

Kapelle/..n -- chapel --kaplica.

Katholisch -- catholic -- katolick -- katolicka -- kotalickie.

Kirchenbuch -- KB -- church register -- Ksiega Koscielna.

Kirchenbücher -- Church Books -- Ksiegi Koscielnie.

Kiefer/.. n -- Fir -- sosna

Kirchlich -- under church administration -- koscielny

Kirschspiel - Parish

Klein -- small, little -- maly

Kloster -- Monastery, convent -- klasztor

Köllmisch -- Free villages, towns -- .wolne miasto

Köllmisches Privileg -- Excempted from certain duties -- prawa wolnego miasta

Königlich -- Royal -- krolewski

Kolonie/..n -- Colonie -- kolonia

Koppe, Silesian word for Kuppe -- Top Summit -- slaskie slowo na okreslenie gory, wzgorza wierzcholka.               

Kreis/..se -- County -- powiat

Kretscham, Ostmitteldeutsch for Schenke -- Pub -- karczma

Kuppe -- Slightly curved mountain peak -- lagodna gora

Lache -- Blazed tree -- slup graniczny

Lärche/..n -- Larch ( genus Larix) -- modrzew

Landgemeinde/.. den -- Rural village --gmina wiejska

Lerche/..n -- Lark --

Linde/..n -- Limetree, Lindentree (Canadian) -- lipa

Luch/..e -- Swamp -- mokradlo

Mautgeld/..der -- Fees for a tollroad -- myto

Meer/..e -- Sea -- morze

Mittel -- Middle -- sredni, srodkowy                          

Mühle/.. n -- Mill -- mlyn

Neu -- New -- nowy

Nieder -- Lesser, lower --  dolny, niski                             

Niederung -- Lowland, marsh -- nizina         

Ober -- Upper -- gorny                                

Ofen/ Öfen -- Oven -- piec

Ort/.. e -- Town -- miasto

Palve --

Palvenanteil --

Pfefferer -- Bauer der als Steuern mit Pfeffer bezahlt. Auch Halbpfefferer A farmer who pays his property taxes with pepper. Also a half pepperer. Paid half it's taxes in pepper

PGR --- Panstwowe Gostodarstwo Rolne. State Farm. This classification went by the wayside with the introduction of democracy in 1989 as the land was returned to the former owners if they could be found.

Pirschhütte/..n -- Stalkhut --

Probstei/Propstei -- Jurisdiction or dwelling of a provost -- .probostwo.

Provinz/.. en -- Province, State prowincja. Contains several Regierungsbezirke.

Pustkowie --.er wohnte leicht abseits -- mieszkal na pustkowie.

Rain -- marge, margin

Quelle/..n -- Spring -- Zrodlo

Rauher (Steinmetz) -- Stone Mason -- Kamieniarz

Reh/..e -- Deer -- sarna

Regierungsbezirk/..e -- Administration District, cosist of several Kreise/Counties-- obwod urzedowy, wojewodztwo

Rittergut -- Estate owned by somebody of noble background -- posiadlosc szlachecka

Schaarwerk -- Szarwark

Schacht -- Shaft, entrance to coal or ore mine -- szyb.

Scheffelplatz

Schenke/..n -- Tavern -- karczma.

Schlachtfeld/..er -- Battle ground -- pole bitwy

Schleuse/..n -- Sluice, lock -- sluza

Schloss/Schlösser -- Castle, non fortified. See also Burg -- palac, zamek

Schwedenschanze -- old fortification -- okopy szwedzkie

Schmiede -- Blacksmith Shop -- kuznia

See/..n also Binnensee -- Lake, within land -- Jezioro

See/..n -- Sea, bordering land -- morze

Siedlung -- Settlement -- osiedle

Sommerfeld -- summerfallow, not used

Staat/..e -- State

Stadt/Städte -- City -- miasto

Stadtkreis/..e -- Territory around a larger city -- powiat miejski.

Standesamt -- Civil Registry

Stein/..e -- Stone -- kamien

Steinmetz -- Stone Mason -- Kamieniarz

Stift -- Convent, Monastery -- klasztor

Strasse/..n -- Street -- ulica

Tanne/..n -- Silver fir (lat. Abies) -- jodla.

Taufe/..n -- christening, batism -- chrzty.

Teich/..e -- Pond, see also Dorfteich -- staw

Thal/tal -- Valley  -- dolina

Teer -- Tar -- smola

Theerofen -- Tar furnace -- smolny piec

Tote -- death person -- Zmarli

Truppenübungsplatz -- Military training area -- poligon

Trift -- Pasture -- splawianie drewna, pastwisko

Unter -- Lower, lesser -- .dolny, niski

Vogtei/.. en -- Jurisdiction of bailiff, provost -- .wojtostwo

Vorwerk/..e -- Farmstead, similar to Abbau -- folwark

Vorwerk/.. e -- Outworks.

Wald/Wälder -- Forest -- las

Wasser -- Water -- woda

Weg/..e -- Path, way -- droga                     

Weide/.. n -- Pasture -- pastwisko

Weide/..n -- Willow, osier -- wierzba

Werder -- Eyot, ait, holm -- ostrow, wyspa, kepa, zulawa

Weiler -- Several small farms -- .wioska, przysiolek

Wiese/..n -- Meadow -- laka

Winterfeld -- Field seeded in fall    

Wohnplatz -- Place of residence, usually refered to as a few of houses, similar to a hamlet -- miejsce zamieszkania

Wüsterei -- Abandoned village, yard, hamlet -- pustki, pustkowie, Wies opuszczona

Zeidlerdorf -- Village inhabited by bee keepers

Ziegelei/..en -- Brickplant -- cegielna

Zinken -- See Weiler -- patrz

                   Written records versus orally transmitted ones.

   Potential pitfalls lay in the writing and or translation of German town names. See the example: Johannisthal - Johannistal.  Johannesthal - Johannestal. Only  a careful listener would pick up the differences. The h after the t would be silent in the German language.   The only in Eastprussia to find syllable   ... gaitschen or .. geitschen would be pronounced the same way. 

Last Update: December 23, 2004

Translation into polish provided by: Piotr Drynko, Gdansk and Zbigniew Szarejko, Göttingen.

Robert M. Kunkel, Warzawa

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